flowchart LR
	data["Data"] --> information["Information"] --> knowledge["Knowledge"] --> decisions["Decisions"]

• Data - a collection of discrete and continuous values that convey information;
• Information - something that has the power to inform, is used to derive meaning through interpretation;
• Knowledge - awareness of facts, familiarity with individuals and situations, also practical skills;
• Decisions - actions taken by considering knowledge that is available to decision taker.

Also often represented as Data-Information-Knowledge-Wisdom (DIKW) Pyramid.

Data models

• Relational model
• Graph model

Data model types

• Conceptual (frequently referred to as Business Model)
• Logical (technology-agnostic)
• Physical (includes technological implementation details)

Data modeling

The result of data modeling activity - data models - are expressed using diagrams:

• Entity-Relationship Diagram (ERD)

In one of the following notations:

• Crow's Foot
• UML
• IDEF1X

Data modeling techniques

• Relational model (top-down approach)
• Dimensional model (bottom-up approach)
• Data Vault

Data management frameworks

• Medallion architecture

Data architecture concepts

• Corporate Information Factory
• Data Mesh
• Data Fabric

Data platforms

• Data Warehouse
• Data Lake
• Data Lakehouse

Also see my proposed Enterprise Data Platform architecture detailing multiple levels of data refinement.